Realist Approach to Foreign Policy in Syria Research Paper

Pragmatist Approach to Foreign Policy in Syria - Research Paper Example oreign relations systems that personal responsibility and are picked by a nation to shield their national intrigue so they can accomplish objectives inside their global relations. The methodologies utilized here are corresponding to different nations and as such interface with those nations (Hinnebusch, 2002). This paper accordingly tries to dissect the pragmatist way to deal with international strategy in Syria; what do/would Hans Morgenthau and John Mearsheimer says about that; how they would decipher it; and why. Further the paper will give a short end regarding the matter issue †international strategy. Corresponding to the US international strategy in Syria, there in deed exist two differentiating sides in the discussion. They are the pragmatists and the ‘declinists’. The pragmatists consider the to be as one that favors the implementers understanding their advantage while the declinists suspect something. Obama’s organization could be taking part in an extremely protected yet additionally authentic strategy with this nation Syria. Is it an issue of extraordinary forces having a circle impact? The utilization of battle to end a battle or rather battling a war with the aim of forestalling or consummation one is the thing that the opposite side sees. These two rival sides looks for contend their sides dependent on their perceptions and examination of the international strategy in Syria. The international strategy creases an all around figured thought and the resultant results can be evaluated from the perspective of the implementers. Be that as it may, an investigation of the pragmatist way to deal with international strategy in Syria has a great deal to uncover. The pragmatist hypothesis underpins the possibility that international strategy as a flippant field needs a methodology that has a down to business power contemplations comparable to national interests and not an interest to objectives that are a countries beliefs (Mearsheimer, 2014). In the Middle East, Syria as a nation has been a basic force in keeping up a parity. The pragmatist hypothesis, accepts that states should act in agreement to their indispensable needs and not establishments or global standards they

Lemon Max

Market Analysis Dishwash market of Pakistan is a bar driven market. Vim’s significant contender is Max while the remainder of the brands like Safoon, Anna Bar are little in size. Value Price is significant for this class. So as to piece of the pie, contenders use cost as an extraordinary selling point (USP). Max is a value chief in dish wash advertise. Max and Vim are sticker price equality and both are value premium. Vim is low grammage and significant expense despite the fact that it's anything but a perceptible contrast. Value examination of Bars among Vim and Max as indicated by SKUs are as follows.Max Bar| Vim Bar| Small Bar Pack (110 grams) cost Rs. 12| Small Bar Pack (110 grams) cost Rs. 12| Number of SKUs| Bar (200 grams) cost Rs. 22| Long Bar Pack (330 grams) cost Rs 32| Long Bar Pack (300 grams) cost Rs. 33| Product Portfolio Max Protfolio incorporates Max Bar, Azadi Dish Bar, Max Sourers, Max Liquid and Max Antibacterial. Max Bar is focusing on urban region while Az adi dish bar is focusing on country region. Lemon Max Bar Introduction Lemon Max Bar is a quality washing bar. Lemon Max Bar is a with authority among dish wash section of FMCG in Pakistan.Lemon Max Bar is result of Colgate Palmolive which was propelled in 1982 with scourer inserted slogan â€Å"Hara Kaam Maun Khara Nimbo Ki Taqat Say Bhara†. Lemon Max Bar Consumers Primary customers of Max Bar are ladies and housewives and optional are men buying family unit things. Brand is utilized for dish washing at home with the substance of lemon in it. Numerous time of offer and utilization at home purchasers have affirmed Max Bar is a top notch item with numerous advantages. Lemon Max Growth Period Max Bar with solid, lemon-like, oil purging activity and name that gave impression of outside brand.Brands go through ups and down then got balanced out and become advertise pioneer as far as deals and Brand name. In 1985,brand director discovered that buyer see that scourer harmed the dis hes then they propelled max fluid to defeat this observation. Simultaneously Unilever Pakistan ,the mega corporate goliath of FMCG’s , propelled its image under the name of â€Å"Rin† in dishwashing section of FMCG. The opposition become forceful regarding advancement, retails dispersion and occasion situation. Be that as it may, as indicated by showcase specialists, purchaser utilized brand for cleaning their quality dishes utensils.Due to overwhelming promotion and incorrect marking choice Rin brand got situating issues , item shading disarray among the buyers. Making the most of from that chance, celebration brand â€Å"Max Bar† makes forceful developments by overwhelming advancements. Before long Mac brand takes the game by kicking Rin Brand out of market structure circulation to media advancement and become advertise pioneer. In 2001, Rin brand repositioned himself and change to â€Å"vim† and entered in to the market . Rivalry again got savage betwe en max bar and Vim because of substantial promoting spending structure unilever increase to pull the maximum bar from market.In the finish of 2004, Rin evaporate from the market and max become the pioneer in the market. After that numerous brands develop on the opposition field like Safoon and Aana bar ,raising rivalry with the Max bar with moderately low cost. For handling this Max Bar propelled 200 gm and sachet in that brand to increase an edge in the opposition. Yet at the same time Max Bar got 60 percent of the piece of the overall industry. In 2011, Unilever has relaunched Vim in dishwashing classification. Vim gives a wild rivalry to Lemon Max and begin picking up piece of the overall industry from lemon max and other little players in the market.Lemon Max Liquid dishwash is focused at urban upper white collar class home producers and here the clients are home house cleaners instead of home creators. It will be hard to show house servants to utilize the fluid proficiently. In dividuals saw both the fluid brands same. In spite of the fact that, Vim is a concentrated gel while Max is a weaken fluid. Concentrated gels are utilized less as contrast with weaken arrangement. Gels are increasingly effective in dish wash. Max Liquid Bottle| Vim Liquid Bottle| 275 ml cost Rs. 65| 250 ml cost Rs. 115| 475 ml cost Rs. 95 rs| 500 ml cost Rs. 190| Distribution of Lemon MaxLemon Max appropriation is solid. They are accessible and noticeable in pretty much every store. Patterns * Economic development during the early piece of the audit time frame supported new patterns in eating, with these proceeding to spread toward the finish of the survey time frame. There was for instance solid development in the quantity of cafés in the nation and furthermore the extending utilization of dining experiences to commend weddings. The serving of dinners turned out to be progressively intricate, with customers utilizing a developing number of dishes. These patterns kept on supporting development in dishwashing toward the finish of the audit time frame. Serious LANDSCAPE Unilever was the main player in dishwashing in 2010 with a worth portion of practically 18%. The organization profits by a solid publicizing nearness, with its Vim image in this way getting a charge out of far reaching mindfulness and faithfulness. The organization likewise profits by the across the board accessibility of Vim, which is unmistakably shown in many outlets that offer hand dishwashing. The organization likewise offers the premium Persil brand close by dishwashing, which advances to numerous mid-and high-salary purchasers. Possibilities * Hand dishwashing is required to profit by financial development and urbanization in Pakistan during the conjecture period.As buyers move to urban areas and experience higher extra cash levels, their propensities are probably going to change. A developing spotlight on cleanliness will urge numerous to exchange up from bar cleansers to hand dishwashin g when washing dishes. Lemon Max Bar Product History: Lemon Max Bar is a quality is washing bar with administration in dish wash section in Pakistan. Lemon Max Bar is result of Colgate Palmolive, which was propelled in 1982 with scourer implanted. Essential customers of Max Bar are ladies/housewives that utilization brand for cleaning their family unit dishes. The buyers have endorsed top notch measures and advantages offered by Max Bar.Max Bar with solid, lemon-like, oil purging activity and name that gave impression of outside brand. In 1985 the brand administrator discovered that purchaser see that scourer harmed the dishes then they propelled max fluid unilever propelled their Rin in this dishwashing fragment. The opposition become heat up however as indicated by study purchaser utilized brand for their quality dishes utensils. Substantial advancement began between these two brands. Rin got situating issues and item shading disarray among the buyer making the most of from that o pen door max take the game by substantial advancement and situating of lemon power.In 2001, Rin was change to vim and gave a test to the maximum bar and again rivalry begins. Toward the finish of 2004 Rin disappear from the market and max become the pioneer in the market. Promoting Strategy: A publicizing methodology is a battle created to impart thoughts regarding items and administrations to potential purchasers with expectations of persuading them to purchase those items and administrations. Execution: The general inventiveness of the dishwasher bar is acceptable and is exceptionally satisfactory in the Pakistan’s existing business sector individuals having diverse salary level can buy it and it is accessible in each departmental store with a sensible price.The bundling is in green and yellow shading with to a great extent composed MAX in the bar. The bar isn't simply constrained to clean the utensils it additionally gives the aroma of lemon. Imaginative thought: The organ ization board made these inquiry inside them and discover the answers for right advancement and media the errand is to picking the media through which the clients and watchers see what the organization to make them mindful about the item and they have a brand dependability about it in the wake of watching and utilizing it. 1. Who is our crowd? 2.Where would we say we are presently in the brains of our intended interest group? 3. Where are our rivals in the psyches of our intended interest group? 4. Where would we like to be in the brains of our intended interest group? 5. What is the customer guarantee or the enormous thought? 6. What is the supporting proof? 7. What is the manner of speaking of the advertisement? Methodology: Max's showcasing procedure is an eminent case of effective frontal assault. The brand had the option to locate a valid and practical differentiator against Vim. Max took the situation of an Antibacterial dish wash bar to battle Vim.Max was Pakistan's first Ant i-bacterial dish wash bar. Of course, the germs were in a bad way. Max situated itself as a dish wash bar that slaughtered all the microscopic organisms in the utensils. The situating was exceptionally shrewd since Vim was situated dependent on neatness. Max is inventive in making mindfulness about the chance of germs in utensils. There was likewise another brilliant thought from the brand. In principle, we frequently state that the differentiator ought to be important, reasonable and not effectively replicated by contenders. Correspondence Media:The attributes of the objective buyer should be consider as a promoter chooses what media to utilize. The kinds of media classifications from which publicists of pick incorporate the accompanying: * Printâ€Primarily papers (both week after week and every day) and magazines. * Audioâ€FM and AM radio. * Videoâ€Promotional recordings, infomercials. * Outdoor advertisingâ€Billboards, promotions on open transportation (taxis, transpo rts). USP of MAX is†¦ â€Å"Hara Kam Main Khara† also, the other one is â€Å"Ghulae Kam Zayada Chalae† AD Type:The Ad, which I introduced, is the enticing.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for PTSD

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for PTSD PTSD Treatment Print Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 19, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Moment /Joe Houghton / Getty Images Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was originally developed to help people struggling with the symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Many people with BPD also have PTSD, and vice versa. Although people with PTSD and BPD have different symptoms, they share some of the same problems, such as: Difficulty managing emotionsInterpersonal problemsHigh risk of impulsive behavior You wont be surprised then, to discover that some researchers are beginning to explore whether DBT may help people with PTSD. What Is DBT? DBT, considered a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), focuses on changing poorly formed thoughts, behaviors, and beliefs as a way of reducing a persons BPD symptoms. However, DBT differs from traditional CBT. How? By also emphasizing acceptance of the persons emotions and thoughts. In fact, DBT was one of the first CBT treatments to use mindfulness skills to help achieve this acceptance. DBT is based on the idea that the most important problem among people with BPD is difficulty managing their emotions (also called emotion dysregulation). Many of the problem behaviors of people with BPD (for example, deliberate self-harm) are thought to arise from problems they have managing their emotions. Emotion-management problems stem from a combination of: Biology (such as a persons tendency to experience emotions intensely)A childhood environment where emotions were ignored or where expressing them was punished Therefore, DBT focuses on improving emotion-management problems and the problem behaviors that they cause. Therapists who provide DBT use and teach four different types of skills: Mindfulness meditation skillsInterpersonal effectiveness skillsDistress tolerance skillsEmotion regulation skills Exploring the Usefulness of DBT for PTSD The skills used in DBT, originally developed for people with BPD, may also greatly benefit people with PTSD. Just like people with BPD, people with PTSD have problems managing their emotions. They may also have problems with relationships or engage in self-destructive behaviors, such as deliberate self-harm. To explore whether DBT might be effective in people with PTSD, a group of researchers at the Central Institute of Mental Health in Mannheim, Germany, treated a group of women who had PTSD (from childhood sexual abuse) using an intensive treatment that combined DBT and traditional CBT approaches to PTSD treatment, such as exposure. The joint treatment was referred to as DBT-PTSD. After three months of treatment, the researchers found that DBT-PTSD significantly reduced the womens PTSD symptoms, including depression and anxiety. In addition, the womens PTSD symptoms were still improving six weeks after they completed the treatment, suggesting that they may have learned skills during the study that helped them continue to recover from PTSD after the treatment ended. Why More Research Is Needed Research on DBT-PTSD is in its earliest stages. Studies are needed to explore how DBT-PTSD compares to other CBT treatments for PTSD. However, the results are promising. If youre interested in learning more about DBT, a number of resources are available on Dr. Marsha Linehans Behavioral Tech website, including a database of mental health professionals who have been trained in, and can provide, DBT. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

A Crisis so Severe, the World Financial System Is Affected

A Crisis So Severe, The World Financial System Is Affected Following a period of economic boom, a financial bubble—global in scope—has now burst. A collapse of the US sub-prime mortgage market and the reversal of the housing boom in other industrialized economies have had a ripple effect around the world. Furthermore, other weaknesses in the global financial system have surfaced. Some financial products and instruments have become so complex and twisted, that as things start to unravel, trust in the whole system started to fail. John Bird, John Fortune, Subprime Crisis, February 14, 2008 While there are many technical explanations of how the sub-prime mortgage crisis came about, the mainstream British comedians, John Bird and John†¦show more content†¦Many banks were taking on huge risks increasing their exposure to problems. Perhaps it was ironic, as Evan Davies observed, that a financial instrument to reduce risk and help lend more—securities—would backfire so much. When people did eventually start to see problems, confidence fell quickly. Lending slowed, in some cases ceased for a while and even now, there is a crisis of confidence. Some investment banks were sitting on the riskiest loans that other investors did not want. Assets were plummeting in value so lenders wanted to take their money back. But some investment banks had little in deposits; no secure retail funding, so some collapsed quickly and dramatically. The problem was so large, banks even with large capital reserves ran out, so they had to turn to governments for bail out. New capital was injected into banks to, in effect, allow them to lose more money without going bust. That still wasn’t enough and confidence was not restored. (Some think it may take years for confidence to return.) Shrinking banks suck money out of the economy as they try to build their capital and are nervous about loaning. Meanwhile businesses and individuals that rely on credit find it harder to get. A spiral of problems result. As Evan Davies described it, banks had somehow taken what seemed to be a magic bullet of securitization and fired it on themselves. Creating More Risk By Trying To Manage Risk Securitization wasShow MoreRelatedEssay about Global Banking Crisis735 Words   |  3 Pagesfrom the prior global banking crisis? What should be done to prevent such a crisis from happening again? After so much worldwide financial turmoil, learning the right lessons from the global banking crisis is a challenge for the advanced economies and the larger emerging economies whose policies will determine the global financial system over the next several years. The most difficult challenge is not only learning, but applying the lessons learned from the crisis, which proves to be very difficultRead MoreThe Collapse Of The Lehman Brothers1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe global financial crisis of 2008 that reeked havoc on most of the financial institutions had them fall into liquidation and bankruptcy. One of the most popular and most debated incident was the failure of the Lehman Brothers. The Lehman Brothers were a leading US investment bank that was worth $600 billion (D’Arcy). The global financial crisis prompted Lehman Brothers to close its leading subprime lender (BNC Mortages) in 23 locations (). The closing of these locations were so aggressive thatRead MoreFinancial Cri sis : A Global Crisis Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesOverview: The 2008 financial crisis is notably one of the worst financial disasters in American history. It began with a large financial bubble, in which many investment, real estate, and insurance companies made millions. 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The Aegean Islands was the highest percentage of Singapore s South Eastern Asian trade. As predicted by Stamford Raffles, Singapore succeeded in trade with the Aegean Islands, which made up 74% of Singapore s overall trade in 1825

Analysis Of Jonathan Swift s Gulliver s Travels

How Jonathan Swift constructs and uses Gulliver in ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ Jonathan Swift was an English 18th century writer who supported the Monarchy and was a Royalist. He wrote this story while in a club, called ‘The Scriblerus Club’, in which there were 2 other members; Alexander Pope and John Arbuthnot. All three believed that the society they lived in was corrupt. In this story, Swift indirectly describes the many different faults with man-kind. The story is written in a satiristic style that makes fun of the bad things in society. Swift uses Gulliver to show how corrupt and cruel the 18th century English society was. Swift constructs Gulliver’s character through his first person narrative style. His narratives reveal that he is a rather unemotional character. This is shown when he describes and recounts dangerous situations in a matter-of-fact and passive style. A clear example of this is when his ship was destroyed in a storm and all of his companions were lost or dead; ‘Twelve of our crew were dead’ and ‘we therefore trusted ourselves to the mercy of the waves’. Swift is clearly using Gulliver to represent many of the 18th century politicians who had a stiff upper-lip and were unemotional. He is used to satirise 18th Century English society’s stereotypical ‘stiff-upper lip’ approach in life, a character trait which may also be a source of humour for the reader. Swift carefully constructs Gulliver’s character through his reactions to certain situations. He presentsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Gulliver s Travels By Jonathan Swift1470 Words   |  6 Pagescapabilities. Authors like Jonathan Swift have used their works to shine a light on the similarities between humans and animals. In Part IV of Jonathan Swift’s satirical novel, Gulliver’s Travels, Swift reverses the roles of humans (represented by Yahoos) and horses (represented by Houyhnhnms). Although Swift’s novel is completely fiction and does not prove anything it shows us that there are people out there who see the characteristics shared between human and animals. When Gulliver comes across two HouyhnhnmsRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swift s Gulliver s Travels 2033 Words   |  9 Pages​Jonathan Swift was a writer known for his use of satire: the application of humor, irony, exaggeration, and ridicule to expose and criticize. At a glance, the novel seems to be a travel log of Lemuel Gulliver’s adventures, but is primarily a work of satire. Through Gulliver’s Travels, Swift strives to satirize the eighteenth century humanity. Swift was titled a misa nthrope, a hater of humanity, his misanthropy rose from his disappointment in mankind. Swift utilizes Gulliver in satirizing the populationRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swift s Gulliver s Travels1238 Words   |  5 Pageswhat the results may entail. The main character in Jonathan Swift’s 1726 satire Gulliver’s Travels belongs to this category. Throughout the story it becomes increasingly apparent that Gulliver is destined to forever be an alien. The more Gulliver observes others, the more detached he is from man as his views of mankind and of himself become distorted. Despite his negative observations and changed views, he could be mankind’s wake-up call. Gulliver makes voyages to various locations where his physicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Gulliver s Travels By Jonathan Swift1365 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluential for art and literature. One of the Neoclassical Age’s most important traits is the imitation of the ancients. Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift, is a story about the fictional character, Lemuel Gulliver, who embarks on multiple journeys. A series of mishaps leaves Gulliver stranded on various islands facing various challenges. Gulliver’s Travels is very similar to The Odyssey written by Homer in eighth century Greece. Both stories follow one character on his adventurous journeysRead MoreAnalysis Of Gulliver s Travels By Jonathan Swift1362 Words   |  6 PagesTheme Gulliver’s Travels takes place in a part mythical, part â€Å"earthly† world. Lemmuel Gulliver is a sailor that lives in London and sets sail on various adventures that take him on many twists and turns, and even a few close encounters with death. After all these experiences Gulliver still seems to make it home after an odd turn of events. In Gulliver’s Travels, Jonathan Swift uses characterization, point of view, and figurative language to show how people should be more honest and respectful whenRead MoreAnalysis Of Gulliver s Travels By Jonathan Swift1774 Words   |  8 Pageseveryone has his or her own perception, one that can change and develop dependent upon everyone’s own vision. In the novel, Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift, the reader will find their perception of the themes and the characters in the book drastically different in the beginning of the story than at the end. When one first lays their hands on a copy of Gulliver’s Travels, the ideas and themes they would believe to be most obvious and important would include adventure, discovery and the developmentRead MoreAnalysis Of Gulliver s Travels By Jonathan Swift2004 Words   |  9 Pagesscorn, derision, or ridicule. Satire can be humorous, but harsh. Jonathan Swift was a master of satire. He liked to tackle very politically charged and sensitive subjects through satire. For many years, Gulliver’s Travels has been the embodiment of pure satirical genius. It has been the standard and yardstick for almost all other satirical works. Gulliver’s Travels begins with the profile of the main character, Lemuel Gulliver. Gulliver begins as a surgeon, but finds the profession ill-fitting. HeRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Swift s Gulliver s Travels1439 Words   |  6 PagesJonathan Swift, well-known for his stark works of satire, uses his novel Gulliver’s Travels to mock his society and culture and in doing so, he addresses the flaws in man-kind as a whole. He always tried to give his readers a different perspective on current political and social issues through the pages and chapters of his books. The people who weren’t appalled by his views happened to appreciate his plain way of speaking on actively-discussed topics. While his writing had been relatively eminentRead MoreAnalysis Of Gulliver s Travels ( Gt ) By Jonathan Swift Essay2283 Words   |  10 Pagesexpressed differently based on the person s experiences. This is not the case when someone has everything. Freedom becomes the opposite and p eople become slaves to their own thoughts. In Gulliver’s Travels (GT) by Jonathan Swift, The Known World (TKW) by Edward P. Jones, and in Remainder by Tom McCarthy, these authors demonstrate the power of the mind to enslave someone who would be seen as free based on their size, color, status, and wealth. Swift uses Gulliver, a white and knowledgeable man, to demonstrateRead MorePolitical Analysis Of Jonathan Swift s Gulliver s Travel Essay1806 Words   |  8 Pages Political Satire in Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travel Vision is the art of seeing things invisible.. -Jonathan Swift Introduction Born on November 30, 1667, Irish author, clergyman and satirist Jonathan Swift grew up fatherless. Under the care of his uncle, he received a bachelor s degree from Trinity College and then worked as a statesman s assistant. Eventually, he became dean of St. Patrick s Cathedral in Dublin. Most of his writings were published under pseudonyms. He best remembered

Anti-Intellectualism at College Universities Free Essays

Education once existed as something very valuable, and something that only the very wealthy obtained. You were considered lucky to have the opportunity of getting an education, and not many took it for granted. Today, nearly everybody receives an education of some degree, and things have definitely changed. We will write a custom essay sample on Anti-Intellectualism at College Universities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Students simply get educations because they are expected to or are required to. As the years have progressed, less and less students actually enjoy their education. You get labeled by many other students as weird or a freak if you enjoy learning. These kinds of ideas have led to and continue to lead to many problems relating to anti-intellectualism. Student’s anti-intellectualism has been increasing throughout the years, especially at college universities. This is a major problem because the trend is spreading around that it isn’t cool to put forth an effort or to enjoy your classes. Many college professors are very concerned that every year students have less and less motivation and are just attending college because they want a high paying salary after college. One English professor from the East coast said â€Å"most students nowadays are reluctant to learn and to think and resent being awakened from their stupor. I shudder when I consider the future of this country† (Trout). It scares a lot of people that this enormous group of unmotivated students is to someday be in charge of the country. The future of American society is at risk because of anti-intellectual ideas that are passed onto students because of the idea of wanting to be â€Å"cool†, students just going to college to make more money later, and university expectations decreasing because money has became the main priority rather than education. Firstly, the understanding of what an intellectual is has to be clear. According to Richard Hofstadter, who is a very famous American historian, he considers an intellectual someone who lives for ideas instead of someone who lives off of ideas. His input is significant because anti-intellectualism is basically his thing, and he was one of the first Americans to write about it. He goes onto say that two basic traits that intellectuals comprise of are playfulness and piety. By playfulness, he is referring to an individual’s curiosity and what makes their mind active. Piety is similar o an individual’s intensity and how passionate they are about their ideas and beliefs. All intellectuals should demonstrate these two traits according to him. (Hofstadter, 259-60) Using this definition, an anti-intellectual would be someone who isn’t curious or serious, so at colleges that would translate to students being uninterested in their classes/education. One important thing to look at is what education was like in the far past. Education was once valued very highly and you were considered lucky to have the opportunity to get an education. Mainly, only the rich and selected children received it. It meant a good future, and most kids took it very seriously. In the beginning of the 19th century, a primary education was the end of schooling for the greater part of students. Towards the 1830s, there started to become a demand for all children to have an opportunity of having an education. The 1870s marked when the United States had started to create education for the general public (Bradbury, 10). Today, education is more valued as something you have to get and something that the majority of people obtain, at least in the United States. As you can see, the opportunities for education have greatly opened up as time has progressed. This changing trend has caused students to take their educations for granted and develop a hatred towards school work. Overall, this growing trend is causing more and more students to avoid thinking for themselves and furthermore avoid having intellectual ideas because learning isn’t cool. Moving onto modern times, a survey taken at UCLA showed that a record high amount of high school students entering college were losing interest in their academic experiences. These same students surveyed also had committed less time to their homework/studying than before and had become bored with the idea of schooling. If students aren’t interested in their education, then why are they going to college? College is designed to be a place to receive a post-education. There are a lot of students who attend college because their parents made them or they think you have to or for the â€Å"fun. † Students who go to college without a desire to learn won’t get anything out of it. These kinds of students have a negative impact on students who actually value their education. They spread anti-intellectual ideas to students and give them the impression that they are unusual for aking pride in their education and cause them to become anti-intellectual because that is clearly the cool thing to do. More and more kids than ever before are arriving at colleges (Trout). This is good in a way because it means that many more people are getting a post-secondary education, but not all students are at college for the right reasons. The kind of students who go to college just to party or for reasons besides obtaining further education spread their anti-intellectual ideas around. Paul M. Levitt, professor at Colorado University, plainly says â€Å"many college kids are a sorry lot. Preoccupied with their hair, their clothes, their cars, they have never developed a critical turn of mind and have no interest in doing so. It does not bode well for higher education that many students entering college do not have anything resembling an intellectual life† (Trout). Students who don’t want a higher education shouldn’t go forth and attempt to get one if they aren’t serious about it. College should be a place that welcomes intellectuals and people who want to think for themselves rather than a place where you have to conform to thinking negatively about your classes. What is to become of our country if our generation all conforms to the same ideas? Professor of English at the University of Virginia, Mark Edmundson, suggests that students try very hard to fit in and not stand apart from others. He further goes onto say that for some reason showing your emotions, doing something different, or doing anything different than the norm will cause you to be disliked (Edmundson, 290). Obviously this is a problem because students have a desire to be â€Å"cool† by being like everyone else. Less and less students want to be different because they don’t want others to look down on them for not being like them. The idea of wanting to be cool has caused less intellectual ideas in a place where they should be booming. Another developing problem with anti-intellectualism at college universities is that kids are going to college solely so that they can make more money after college. Students think just because the majority of students go onto college that they should as well, which makes them anti-intellectual for just following others instead of doing what they wanted to do. About sixty ercent of high school graduates are estimated to go onto college or some form of higher education (Trout). A lot of times students may not even want to go to college, but they feel like if you don’t go to college, you are at a disadvantage. This is partially true because a lot of occupations that a degree is required for offer more money, but a lot of people end up going to college and end up not even using their degree because they find another job they enjoy more. Some people end up getting jobs that make a lot of money anyways though and hate their jobs, so that is hardly an advantage. Not everyone is meant to go to college, but for some reason the idea that you have to go to college to be successful has been portrayed. Also, President Obama has announced that he thinks every American should have at least one year of higher education, but on the contrary, high education experts agree that not everybody succeeds at college or belongs there (Olson). The president shouldn’t be saying things like this because it puts pressure on students to feel like they have to attend college. This has caused more anti-intellectuals who don’t belong at college to go and influence others. The next huge contributing factor to anti-intellectualism developing at universities is the universities themselves. Because of the growing amount of students bringing anti-intellectual ideas to the classrooms, universities have responded by lowering their standards. The reason for this is simply the more students the more money (Trout). Administrators have also been starting to create more interesting classes because of students disinterest in other courses (Bradbury, 14). The administrators are starting to create things to attract anti-intellectuals and are serving them instead of the intellectuals. College universities have become more interested in the money that the individuals bring rather than the individuals educations. Universities are setting up their campuses to be ideal for anti-intellectuals to succeed at. The fact that colleges are conforming to how the students act is a serious problem, and it concerns many experts about what is to happen in our countries future. Colleges have also started introducing a grade inflation to make it easier for students (Trout). College faculties are to blame mostly for that. The most likely reason for grade inflations would be because it keeps more students on campus. Students are earning higher grades for less work, which isn’t how it should be at all. Grade inflation and money are not related at all, so they shouldn’t have effects on each other. If this trend continues, the concept of a college degree is going to be lost because a college degree will become essentially something you can just buy. Something else that should be very alarming to intellectuals is that studies show many teachers are either anti-intellectualist to begin with or their career turns them into one. Studies have proved that the majority of teachers do not even read very much, and if they do it is normally not scholarly. Reading is something that makes individuals think and come up with intellectual ideas and teachers are starting to turn toward students habits of not reading. Further studies show that teachers who start their careers as intellectuals lose their passion over the years. These teachers either find a new job to avoid becoming an anti-intellectual or they continue teaching in a way that is unbeneficial to intellectuals. Also, many teachers do not encourage intellectualism because it teaches their students to question ideas and think things out thoroughly. Teachers see this as a threat to themselves if students start questioning them on their ideas. (Bradbury) If there aren’t any teachers to promote intellectualism, then more and more intellectuals will disappear. College universities are to blame the most for anti-intellectualism growing at their campuses. I say this because they are the ones that are encouraging the conditions by dumbing down their universities for the sake of money. Also, if they kept their standards high, that would mean less anti-intellectuals overall. College should be a place for intellectuals to strive, but universities have made it a place where people who hate it can succeed just the same. Universities ultimately can control their campus and who they let in and as of now, many universities are letting in about anybody who has a high school diploma and money. One of the first reforms that needs to be made at college universities is eliminating student evaluation of teachers. This whole concept of having the students evaluate a teacher’s ability is absurd. Seeing as how students today want a minimum amount of work, they will simply rate teachers who make it easy for them as excellent teachers. In reality, those teachers aren’t helping the students and rather are just obliging to what students want. The teacher then who gives students a lot of work and challenges them gets a worse rating from students. If universities are so interested in how the teacher is doing, I see no problem in the heads of departments just observing the class. They can make their own judgment based off what they saw, and it would most likely take less time than it takes to review all of the student evaluations. Student evaluations end up promoting anti-intellectualism more than it promotes good teaching methods. An alternative opinion to this would be that students are to put at blame because they are after all responsible for their own education. This is a valid argument because nobody can force a student to be an intellectual/anti-intellectual. The student is partially at fault if they attend a college for post education and then don’t even attempt to learn further. The flaw in this opinion is that most students coming into college are around the age of eighteen, so influences and their environment greatly affect them. If students show up to college, and the standards are set high and everybody knows that, then they are probably most likely going to try to put forth the same effort as everyone else. However, if they come to college, and they see students partying all the time because standards are set low, then that makes them want to put forth the minimal effort to get by. Putting forth a minimal effort and not living for anything would be an anti-intellectual lifestyle, which is the environment of many colleges. If our country continues along this path of intellectuals dominating, there will be numerous effects considering what has already happened over the last few decades. In 2002, it was recorded that sixty seven percent of college graduates read books for pleasure, while in 1982 it was eighty two percent. The decline of reading books is related closely to the incline of video games and the internet. The overall effects of anti-intellectualism are affecting more than just college students. Our country has changed a lot in a short period of time. From 1968 to 2000 the sound bites for presidential candidates has been dramatically reduced from 42. 3 seconds down to 7. 8 seconds. The public overall has lost a desire in obtaining knowledge. An example of this would be that twenty percent of Americans believe the Sun revolves around the Earth. (Jacoby) As you can see, our country has a dangerous future if these kinds of standards continue to be acceptable. In summary, the number of anti-intellectual students at colleges has been increasing from year to year. Students need to quit conforming to the ways of other students because they think not caring is the cool thing to do, and more importantly, the colleges need to accept the right kind of students instead of just anyone who has the money for it. The future of American society is at risk because of anti-intellectual ideas that are passed onto students because of the idea of wanting to be â€Å"cool†, students just going to college to make more money later, and university expectations decreasing because money has become the top priority rather than education, and ultimately the universities are required to incorporate intellectual ideas and challenges into their classrooms if anything is to change. If anti-intellectual ideas are continued to be brought to college by students and encouraged by universities, our country has a frightening future. How to cite Anti-Intellectualism at College Universities, Essay examples

athletes not overpaid Essay Example For Students

athletes not overpaid Essay Manpreet Dhatt Mrs. Gray ENG -11 25 sept 2013 Professional Athletes Should Not Be Criticized In a world with numerous and various types of occupations, it is often difficult to measure the importance of each profession monetarily. Each person, society and organization has a different perspective on the significance of certain occupations but it seems that cross-culturally there is a common belief that professional athletes are extremely overpaid. Professional athletes worldwide are often questioned regarding their controversially large amount of pay. Taking into consideration the mount of workload and pressure most professional athletes deal with, it can be justified that they deserve the amount of money they make, showing that they are not overpaid. Firstly, consumers are willing to pay the athletes large amounts of money and also, they do not use taxpayers money. Professional athletes earn an appropriate amount of money in regards to their occupation and this should not come under criticism by the public. Consumers are willing to pay billions and billions of dollars (repetition) yearly to show their passion and dedication towards their favorite sports eams. We will write a custom essay on athletes not overpaid specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many people pay for overpriced tickets and merchandise Just to support their team, and will, however complain about the huge paychecks the athletes cash in at the end of the day. As long as consumers continue paying that much money for merchandise (alliteration) and games, the teams will continue making a lot of money and consequently the players will make even more. As a fan of the Chicago Bulls, a multi-million dollar franchise, I have spent a Dhatt 2 lot of money on my favorite players Jerseys, shoes, posters and game tickets. A lot more money than Id like to admit. The professional athletes are not to blame. Consumers continue to spend money like water (simile) and then proceed to accuse the athletes of having huge lump sums of cash. We as consumers have gladly given up our money to show our support towards a specific team. The consumers are more than willing to pay for overpriced merchandise; therefore the professional athletes are entitled to the money. (Paragraph: narration). The most common issue the public has is the large earnings of professional athletes. There is always great controversy over how much athletes are paid. People say doctors, nurses, teachers and police officers should be paid more as they benefit society. If that is the case, people should be prepared to pay higher taxes as we do pay for their wages. The money athletes make is a whole other ball game (metaphor), as we do not fund their games as taxpayers, the multi million-dollar corporations and big CEOs do and they do not seem to have a problem with paying their athletes millions of dollars every season. So why should we? (Rhetorical question). The reality is, if LeBron James took a huge cut in his paycheck, no nurse or doctor or public service man would benefit. The same people do not pay them. The government and taxpayers do not fund professional athletes. The money spent on the teams is the owners money with nlcn tney can ao wnatever tney would 11Ke. Memoers 0T tne puDllc snou10 not criticize the professional athletes, as they do not use taxpayer money to pay their own bills. (Paragraph: Cause and Effect). Dhatt 3 Professional athletes earn an appropriate amount of money in regards to their ccupation and this should not come under criticism by the public. Consumers gladly pay a lot of money to support their favorite teams. Also, people should not be concerned with the paychecks of professional athletes, as taxpayer money is not used to fund them. Athletes are not overpaid. One has to consider the constant pressure and hard work they put in to be the best. From a young age many people aspire to become athletes, as the passion drives them rather than the money. Money is not relevant therefore they should not be criticized for it.